Chapter 3
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What is appetite?
The psychological desire to consume specific food Aroused by environmental causes
What is hunger?
The psychological drive for food. It is non specific
What us anorexia?
A loss of appetite The physiologicL need for food yet no appetite
What dose the hypothalamus do?
Triggers feelings of hunger or satiation (fullness) It gets messages from the nerves and hormones
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers secreted in to the blood stream by endocrine glands to help regulate body functions.
What are pancreatic hormones?
Insulin—> lowers blood sugar Glucagon —> raises blood sugar and makes you feel full
What foods have higher satiety levels?
Proteins—> the highest High-fat diets Bulky meals Solid foods
What has the lowest satiety level?
Carbs.
What 3 process do food undergo?
Digestion—> mechanical and chemical Absorption—> happens in the intestinal walls Elimination—> waste excreted that we do not consume
What are sphincters?
Muscles that control the passage of food material from one GIT organ to the next.
What is the cephalic phase of digestion?
The fist step… Thought Hunger releases our digestive juices Cephalic= head= starts in the head
What is the second step of digestion?
Chewing/ saliva
What are enzymes and what do they do?
They are complex chemicals that induce chemical changes in other substances to speed up bodily process
What is salivary alamase and what dose it do?
It is an enzyme It breaks down starches
What is a bolus?
The mass of chewed mistimed food in the mouth.
What dose the epiglottis do?
It covers the opening to the trachea. Prevents food from going in to the lungs.
What is peristalsis?
The muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract.
What dose pH stand for and what dose it measure?
Potential of hydrogen A measure of a compounds acidity or alkalinity.
What is gastrin and what dose it do?
A hormone that is secreted by the cells lining the stomach. They produce gastric juice
What are parietal cells?
They secret HCL and intrinsic factor.
What dose gastric juice contain?
Hydrochloride acid (HCL) Pepsin Gastric lipase Intrinsic factor
What dose Hydrochloric acid do (HCL)?
Denatures proteins and activates pepsin.
What is pepsin?
An enzyme to digest protein
What dose gastric lipase do?
An enzyme to digest fat