Week 2 - Tissues And Virus
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3 functions of the skin
• assists in temp regulation • synthesis of vitamin D. Cholesterol is converted to VitD in the skin when exposed to UV light • protects underlying tissues from damage due to microbes, chemicals, water loss or water entry, UV light
What layer of the skin are the sensory receptors in?
Dermis
What do the mucous membranes do?
Line the body cavities that open to the exterior
What do the serous membranes do?
Line body cavities that do not open to the exterior
What do the visceral layers cover?
Covers the organs within the cavities. Eg. Heart, lungs and digestive organs
What does the parietal layer cover?
The cavity walls
Define microbiology
Study of organisms too small to be seen without a microscope
Define disease
Infection which harms the host causing damage to cells and tissues
Define microorganism
Includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, Protozoa and prions
Define pathogen
A microorganism / infectious agent that causes disease
Define Colonisation
Presence, growth, multiplication of an organism without observable clinical symptoms or immune reaction in a patient. They don’t have the disease but they have the microorganism
Define contagious
Infectious disease that spreads from person to person
Define carrier
People with no symptoms but have the pathogens in their body and can transfer to others
Define infection
Invasion of a pathogen microorganism into the tissues of a host where they multiple causing ban immune response with or without recognised symptoms
Define symptomatic
Pathogen multiplies within a host and causes injury to cells or tissues, so host has clinical signs and symptoms
Define Asymptomatic
A pathogen multiples within a host but does not cause injury to cells/tissue so has no signs or symptoms
Define virulence
The potency of a pathogen to infect a host and cause death in the host
Chain of infection in order
• infectious agent • reservoir • portal of exit • mode of transmission • portal of entry • host
Define reservoir
Habitat in which an agent can live, grow and multiply
6 reservoir of microorganisms
• Humans • Zoonoses (animals) • Soil • Water • Air • Food
6 factors which provide the best environment for survival of a pathogen in the reservoir
• Warm/moist environment • Isotonic surroundings • Oxygen (depending on bacteria) • Temp close to 37°C • pH close to 7 • Availability of nutrients
What is a fomite?
Materials/object likely to carry an infection
Define portal of exit
Path by which a pathogen leaves the host
6 portal of exits from humans
• Blood • Broken skin • Respiratory tract • Anus • Mucous membranes • GI tract