2.1 - field techniques for biologists

an ethogram

it allows the data collection between sample periods/observers/ populations/studies to be compared OR it reduces the variability of the interpretation of behaviour OR it reduces misidentification/misnaming/

plants or other sessile or slow moving organisms

traps and nets

cameras, scat (poo) sampling

Taxonomy involves the identification and naming of organisms and their classification Nematodes, arthropods and chordates are examples of taxonomic groups.

Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms it uses heritable traits such as morphology, DNA sequences, and protein structure to make inferences about an organism’s evolutionary history and create a phylogeny

microscopic, unsegmented worms found worldwide in soil, water, and as parasites

diverse phylum of invertebrate animals characterized by having a chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages (legs, antennae, mouthparts), and a segmented body

possessing a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some stage of development e.g mammals, amphibians

E coli, rats, mice, zebrafish

Presence, absence or abundance of indicator species can give information of environmental qualities, such as presence of a pollutant

banding, tagging, surgical implantation, painting and hair clipping

Anthropomorphism can lead to invalid conclusions

Latency is the time between the stimulus occurring and the response behaviour.

the attribution of human traits, emotions, intentions, or behaviors to non-human entities, such as animals