Muscular system

• Enables us to move our body parts • Gives us individual shape • Protect and keep our skeletal system in place • Enables us to maintain good posture • Help in the circulation of the blood • Generate body heat when the muscles contract

• skeletal- the muscle attached to bones • smooth- organs and stomach • cardiac- contracts the heart to pump blood.

Paired movement in muscles is called reciprocal inhibition. where one muscle shortens and its opposing muscle lengthens. Using an Agonist and antagonist

• The muscle that creates the movement is called the Agonist or prime mover = agony because it is working. agonist is the shorter muscle ( contracting) • While the muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur is called the antagonist. This is the longer muscle ( stretched) eg. bicep curl bicep is agonist tricep is antagonist

A tendon is a band of tissue that connects muscle to bone. A ligament is an elastic band of tissue that connects bone to bone and provides stability to the joint. Cartilage is soft, gel-like padding between bones that protects joints and facilitates movement Cartilage: is smooth, slightly elastic tissue found in various forms within the body. Tendons: attach muscle to bones Ligaments: cross over joints, joining bone to bone

deltoid- near shoulder Biceps Trapeziums- upper back latisummis dorsi- lower back Rectus abdominous

Biceps- elbow flexion, (the angle gets shorter) quadriceps- Hip flexion/knee extension Deltoid- shoulder abduction Pectorals- shoulder flexion

• Isotonic - the muscle length changes during contraction: CONCENTRIC- The muscle length shortens ( bicep curl UP) • ECCENTRIC- the muscle length increases ( bicep curl- DOWN) • Isometric - The muscle length remains unchanged ( eg. plank, wall sit) • Isokinetic - The resistance changes according to joint angle, it is movement at a constant speed ( requires special machines which allow maximum contractions through the full range of movement.

the muscle length changes during contraction:

The muscle length shortens ( bicep curl UP)

the muscle length increases ( bicep curl- DOWN)

The muscle length remains unchanged ( eg. plank, wall sit)

The resistance changes according to joint angle, it is movement at a constant speed ( requires special machines which allow maximum contractions through the full range of movement.