Volcanoes and Earthquakes
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What is a volcano?
• It is a natural geological formation • occurs when there Is a rupture in weak areas of the lithosphere releasing hot material to the surface
What are volcanoes formed by?
• tectonic plate boundaries • Hot spots
What type of boundaries create volcanoes
• Constructive (divergent) • destructive (converging)
What are the parts of a volcano?
Magma Chamber, main vent, crater
What is an effusive eruption?
• gentle flow of lava down the sides of the volcano
Average speed and temperature of the lava flow (effusive eruptions)
1km/hr-10km/hr 700-1,200 degree Celsius
What is an explosive eruption?
gas-rich magma is violently expelled
what do explosive eruptions cause
• ash clouds • pyroclastic flow
ash clouds contain ?
contains: - ash (tiny rock and mineral fragments) - volcanic glass - sulfur dioxide - water vapor
what is a pyroclastic flow
a mixture of hot gas, ash, and volcanic rocks that can flow at very high speeds
What is the average speed of pyroclastic flow and temperature?
100km/hr 200-700 degrees Celsius
What is an earthquake?
an earthquake is a natural geological event which is caused by the sudden release of energy (seismic waves)