C7- Organic Chemistry
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What is organic chemistry
Chemistry about compounds containing carbon
What are hydrocrabons
Compounds only containing hydrogen and carbon
What are alkanes
Simplest type of hyrdocarbon
What are the four alkanes that need to be known
Methane Ethane Propane Butane
What effect does the length have on the properties of a hydrocarbon
Shorter - less viscous. More volatile. More flammable.
What do the properties of a hydrocarbon determine
How they are used
What is complete combustion
The complete the combustion of a hydrocarbon in oxygen releases lots of energy
What is the formula for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon+ co2 = co2 + water + energy • Energy means they are used for fuel
• What happens during complete combustion
• Both carbon and hydrogen are oxidised
How is crude oil formed
• Crude oil is a fossil fuel formed by remains of plants and animals- mainly plankton buried under mud millions of years ago
• What is crude oil
• mixture of different hydrocarbons separated by fractional distillation • Non-renewable resource
• What are the steps in fractional distillation
• Oil heated until gas and enters fraction column- liquid drained off • In column there is a temperature gradient • This means hydrocarbons with higher boiling points conduce and filter out first • End up with crude oil mixture separated into fractions with similar numbers of carbon
What is the order of crude oils fractions- from most to least amount of carbons
• Bitumin • Heavy fuel oil • Diesel • Kerosene • Petrol • LPG- liquified petroleum gas
What are crude oils uses
• Most of modern transport use crude oil • Petrochemical- Feedstock- polymers, lubricants • variety
• What is cracking
• Cracking is the splitting of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller ones
• Why do we crack
• Long chained hydrocarbons are less useful- more viscous- makes them more useful
• What does cracking create
• Alkanes and alkenes
• What are alkenes
• Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes
• What are alkenes’ uses
• Used as starting materials for polymers
• What is the test for alkanes or alkenes
• Bromine water test • Akane- no reaction • Alkene- Goes clear
• What is catalytic cracking
• Cracking is a thermal decomposition reaction • Heat them to vaporised • Vapour passed over hot aluminium oxide catalyst • Long molecule hydrocarbon cracks apart on surface of catalyst
What is steam cracking-
• Hydrocarbons heated to vapour • Mix with steam • Heated to high temperature