C3.1 The Periodic Table
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John Dalton and Mendeleev arranged their periodic table in order of…
atomic mass
The modern periodic table is arranged in order of…
atomic number (proton number)
Explain why Mendeleev left gaps in the periodic table…
For undiscovered elements To make the pattern fit
Explain why Sodium and Potassium are in group one of the periodic table
They both have one electron in their <u>outer shell</u> They both react similarly
Describe how alkali metals react with water
• Bubble/Fizz/Effervesce • Turn universal indicator purple • Move about on the surface of the water • Sodium melts into a ball • Potassium burns with a lilac flame
Name the two products made when sodium reacts with water
Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with water
2Na + 2H20 –> 2NaOH + H2
Name the typical properties of transition metals
• Good conductors of heat and electricity • Hard and strong • High density • High melting point • Form coloured compounds • Form ions with different charges (i.e. Fe2+ and Fe3+)
Name one similarity and one difference between the properties of copper and lithium
Similarities - Conduct electricity Differences - Lithium more reactive, lithium less dense, lithium softer, lithium has lower melting point
Describe the trend in reactivity of group 1 metals as you go down the group
Reactivity increases
Describe the trend in melting point as you go down group 7
Melting point increases (Fluorine is a gas, Iodine is a solid)
Describe the trend in reactivity as you go down group 7
Reactivity decreases
Explain why chlorine and bromine are in group 7 of the periodic table
Both have 7 electrons in their <b>outer shell</b>
Finish the following word equation Bromine + Potassium Iodide–>
Potassium Bromide + Iodine
Explain why chlorine can displaced bromine from potassium bromide
Chlorine is more reactive
Name the ion that turns universal indicator purple
• OH,sup>- - Hydroxide
In terms of electrons state what is meant by reduction
Gain of electrons
In terms of electrons state what is meant by oxidation
Loss of electrons
Explain why potassium is more reactive than sodium
• Potassium has a greater atomic radius/more energy levels/more shells • there is less attraction between the outer electron and the nucleus/more shielding • Potassium loses an electron easier
Explain why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine
• Fluorine has a smaller atomic radius/less energy levels/less shells • there is greater attraction between the outer shell and the nucleus/less shielding • fluorine <b>gains</b> an electron <b>easier</b>
Name one use for the transition metals
Catalysts