Physiology 1 Endocrinology
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What are the function of hormones
Enable cells to communicate
Name the major endocrine organs
Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Peripheral endocrine tissue - thyroid, pancreas etc.
What does the hypothalamus do?
based in base of forebrain and releases and inhibits hormones
What does the pituitary gland do?
releases hormones that regulate other endocrine glands and control growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete
Anterior lobe - Trophic hormones Posterior lobe - oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH)
What hormones does the adrenal gland secrete
Cortex - cortisol, aldosterone Medulla - adrenaline/noradrenaline
What hormones does Gonads secrete
oestrogens, androgens and progesterone
What hormones do pancreas secrete
Insulin and glucagon
What are the 4 different ways that cells communicate via hormones
Endocrine Paracrine Autocrine Intracrine
Describe the endocrine mechanism
hormones released by endocrine cell into general circulation and acts on distant target cells
Describe the paracrine mechanism
hormones released by endocrine cell which act locally on adjacent cells
Describe the autocrine mechanism
hormones released by cell which act back on the same cell
Describe the intracrine mechanism
conversion of inactive hormone to an active hormone that acts within a cell
What hormones are for Reproduction, growth and development
Sex Steroids, thyroid hormones, prolactin, growth hormone
What hormones are for Maintenance of internal environment
Aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, ADH, Glucagon, Insulin, Calcitonin
What hormones are for Energy production, utilization and storage
Insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones, cortisol, growth hormone
Name protein and peptide hormones
Hypothalamic hormones pituitary hormones Insulin PTH Calcitonin
Name steroid hormones (cholesterol)
Cortisol Aldosterone Oestrogen Androgen Progesterone Vitamin D
Name amino acid derivative hormones
Adrenaline Noradrenaline Thyroid hormones Melatonin
Name fatty acid derivative hormones
Prostaglandins Thromboxane Prostacyclin
What is the half life and form of transport of protein/peptide hormones
Half life - minutes Transport - mainly unbound
What is the half life and form of transport from amino acid derivative hormones
Half life - seconds (CAs), hours(thyroid) Transport - Thyroid hormones bound to plasma proteins
What is the half life and form of transport of steroid hormones
Half life - hours or days Transport - Bound to plasma proteins
What are parvocellular neurones
specialized, small-bodied nerve cells that process fine visual details and regulate hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland.