B3 - Genetics - Triple
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What process results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell?
Mitosis
What process produces four genetically different haploid gametes for sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
What is a major disadvantage of asexual reproduction regarding environmental change?
There is no genetic variation, so the whole population may be affected by an unfavorable change.
What is a major advantage of sexual reproduction in terms of evolution?
It creates genetic variation, which leads to natural selection and better adaptation.
What is the term for a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein?
Gene
Proteins are made up of chains of molecules called _____.
Amino acids
What is the term for a sequence of three bases in a gene that codes for an amino acid?
Base triplet
What do we call the entire set of an organism’s DNA, including non-coding regions?
Genome
In which part of the cell does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Which enzyme is responsible for joining RNA nucleotides together to create mRNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
During transcription, which RNA base pairs with the Adenine on the DNA template?
Uracil
Where does the mRNA molecule go after it moves out of the nucleus?
Ribosome
Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
What is the name of the tRNA structure that is complementary to the codon on mRNA?
Anticodon
How can a mutation in a non-coding region of DNA affect an organism’s phenotype?
It can affect the ability of RNA polymerase to bind to DNA, altering how much protein is produced.
What were the ‘hereditary units’ described by Gregor Mendel eventually identified as?
Genes
What phenotype ratio did Mendel observe in the offspring when crossing two tall F1 pea plants?
3:1 (tall to dwarf)
Why are males more likely to show recessive characteristics for sex-linked genes?
They only have one X chromosome and therefore only one allele for those genes.
Which human blood group alleles are codominant with each other?
I^A and I^B
What is the genotype of an individual with blood group O?
I^O , I^O