Lecture 1 - Male Reproductive Disorders
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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What shape is the prostrate gland?
Donut shape
What are the two main male androgens (sex hormones)?
Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone
Where is testosterone produced?
In the testes and adrenal gland
What hormone plays a role in male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
What is corpora cavernnosa?
The spongy tissue in the penis that dilates and fills with blood for an erection.
disorders in psychological, neurological, hormonal or vascular function can result in reduced blood flow to the penile erectile tissue can result in?
Erectile Dysfunction
What are some causes associated with erectile dysfunction?
• Diabetes • vascular diseases • neurodegenerative diseases • psychological issues
What is viagra used for?
Erectile dysfunction
What is a side effect of using viagra?
Hypotension
Is it safe to use Viagra if you have a heart condition?
Use of GTN to treat angina causes hypotension a combination of Viagra and GTN can cause a profound hypotension and an increased risk of myocardial infarction or death
What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?
Non malignant enlargement of the prostrate
What are the complications of BPH?
• Enlarged gland can compress the urethra and obstruct urine outflow • increased risks of bladder and kidney infections
What is the most common male cancer?
Prostate cancer
In advanced stages of prostate cancer where can it metastasise to?
• lymph nodes • bone • lungs • adrenals • liver
What are the risk factors associated with prostate cancer?
• Age • Race • Family history • Environmental factors • Diet
What are the clinical features of prostate cancer?
• asymptomatic if localised • dysuria • weak stream • frequent urination • urinary tract infections
What are the ways to diagnose prostate cancer?
• prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum levels. >4ng/ml need further testing. • digital rectal exam (DRE) • transrectal ultrasound or tissue biopsy may confirm tumour
Treatment options for prostate cancer are:
• prostatectomy • hormone suppression • radiotherapy (brachytherapy) • high intensity focused ultrasound