Quiz 1
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What characteristics of urine make it prime for testing?
• Readily available • Easily collected • Simple to test • Inexpensive • Contains information about the body’s major metabolic functions • Direct reflection of kidney function
What is urinalysis?
Study of urines
What reasons are there to perform a urinalysis?
• Gives overview of the patient’s general health • Aids in disease diagnosis • Used to screen asymptomatic patients for undetected disorders • Monitor disease progress and therapy effectiveness • Information on state of kidney and urinary tract • Information on metabolic and systemic disorders
How often is urine formed by the kidneys?
Continuously
What is urine composed of?
95% water and 5% solutes
What influences urine composition?
Dietary intake Physical activity Body metabolism Endocrine function Body position State of kidney
Where is urea produced?
The liver
What is urea?
Principle normal organic substance in urine **Primary waste product of protein and amino acid metabolism
What percentage does urea amount to of the total dissolved solids in urine?
About half
Chloride
Major inorganic solid dissolved in urine in the form of NaCl or KCl
Creatinine
From creatine which is nitrogenous substance from muscle tissue
Uric Acid
Catabolism of nucleic acids in food and cell destruction/kidney stones
What other solutes are found in urine?
• Sodium • Potassium • Hormones, vitamins, medications • Formed elements (cells, casts, crystals, mucus, bacteria)
Normal average adult urine output
1200-1500 ml/day