nervous system
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
central nervous system (CNS) consists of ___ and ___
the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of ___ and ___ that contain both ___ and ___
cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibres
nervous system, along with the endocrine system, helps to keep ___ and maintain ___
keep controlled conditions within limits that maintain health maintain homeostasis
the branch of medical science that deals with the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system is called
neurology
two principal types of cells in a nervous tissue
neurons or nerve cells glia
glia are ___ cells of the ___ system
support cells of the nervous system
glia cells provide ___ , ___ , ___ , ___ , and help ____
provide structure, protection, nutrition, insulation, and help regulate the environment of the brain and spinal cord
features of a neuron
dendrites, axon, cell body, synapse, myelin sheath, node of ranvier
location of dendrites
protrusions from the ends of the neuron
location of axon
main channel going between cell body and synapse
location of cell body
location of the nucleus
a synapse is located ___ for ___ and ___
located between two neurons for neurotransmitters to be released and connect with another neutron or target such as muscle cell
what is a myelin sheath
an insulating layer which helps to speed up electrical conduction
location of node of ranvier
area between myelin wrapping
function of axons
the axon conducts electrical signals away form the cell body toward its target cells
function of dendrites
receive signals from axons of other neurons
action potentials are triggered by ___ , and generated by ___ located in the ___
triggered by depolarisation of the membrane generated by opening and closing of voltage gated cation channels located in the cell plasma membrane
action potentials allow rapid/slow, short/long range communication
rapid, long range
cause of cell membrane potential
asymmetrical distribution of phospholipids between the outer and inner leaflets of the cell plasma membrane, with mostly negatively charged phospholipids found on the inside
what is the main contribution to the voltage gradient
the negative charge on the membrane causing accumulation of positive ions in a thin layer on the membrane
what does the Nernst Equation calculate, what what does it take into account?
the voltage at which the equilibrium potential for a given ion is reached, taking into account the voltage gradient and the concentration gradient for the given ion
what does membrane permeability refer to
ability for ions to travel across the membrane predominantly via ion channels
what does the Goldman equation measure
measures equilibrium membrane potential with more than one ion
explain the propagation of action potentials
• opening of Na+ channels allow the flow of Na+ into the axon which depolarises a small fragment of the axon • Na+ spreads across the fragment which triggers the opening of neighbouring K+ voltage-gated channels that allow K+ to flow out of the axon and returning the membrane to its resting potential • process repeats, giving rise to a travelling action potential FORWARD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOTYO5WrXFU