Liver Function (Bishop 7th ed. | ADV | P)
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What are the characteristics of liver?
1) It is a very large and complex organ responsible for performing vital tasks that impact all body systems 2) Large and complex organ 3) Weighing approx 1.2 - 1.5 kg (in healthy adult) 4) Located beneath and attached to the diaphragm 5) Protected by lower rib cage 6) Divided unequally in 2 lobes (right and left lobe) 7) An extremely vascular organ 8) It serves as a gatekeeper bet substances absorbed by GIT and those released into systemic circulation
What are the functions of the liver?
1) It is the major player in maintaining stable glucose concentrations due to its ability to store glucose as glycogen and degrade glycogen depending on the body’s needs 2) It plays an essential role in the development of hgb in infants 3) It is also responsible for synthesizing the (+) and (-) acute-phase reactants and coagulation proteins 4) It also serves to store a pool of AAs through protein degradation
What are the complex functions of liver?
1) Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and bili 2) Detoxification of harmful substances 3) Storage for essential compounds 4) Excretion of substances
How is liver unique from other organs?
Liver is unique from other organs because it is a relatively resilient organ that can regenerate cells that have been destroyed by some short-term injury or disease or have been removed
What will happen if the liver is permanently damaged for a long period of time?
It may undergo irreversible changes that permanently interfere w/ its essential functions
What will happen if the liver becomes completely nonfunctional for any reason?
The individual will die within 24 hrs
Why will the individual (having a completely nonfunctional liver) will die?
Due to hypoglycemia
What is the purpose of ligamentous attachments?
They hold the liver in place
What is the difference bet right lobe and left lobe (in terms of size)?
Right lobe is approx 6 times larger than the left lobe
How many are the sources of blood supply of the liver?
2
What are the 2 sources of blood that supplies the liver?
1) Hepatic artery 2) Portal vein
What is hepatic artery and what are its purposes?
It is a branch of the aorta 1) It supplies oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the liver 2) It is responsible for providing approx 25% of total blood supply to the liver
What are the purposes of portal vein?
1) It supplies nutrient-rich blood (collected as food is digested) from the digestive tract 2) It is responsible for providing approx 75% of the total blood supply to the liver
The 2 blood supplies eventually merge into the what?
Hepatic sinusoid
What is the characteristic of hepatic sinusoid?
It is lined w/ hepatocytes
What is the purpose of hepatocytes?
They are capable of removing potentially toxic substances from the blood
What happens to the blood from the sinusoid?
The blood flows to the central canal (central vein) of each lobule
How do the blood leave the liver?
Through the central canal
What is the volume of blood that passes through the liver per min?
Approx 1,500 mL
The excretory system of the liver begins w/ what?
It begins at the bile canaliculi
What is bile canaliculi?
These are small spaces bet the hepatocytes
What is the action of bile canaliculi?
They form intrahepatic ducts
What is the purpose of intrahepatic ducts?
These is where the excretory products of the cell can drain
What are the actions of intrahepatic ducts?
They join to form the right and left hepatic ducts, w/c drain the secretions from the liver