Atmospheric pollution - acid precipitation
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Gases that cause acid rain
NOX’s Small amounts in fossil fuels (coal)
Direct effects on non-living materials
• chemical weathering • corrosion of metals • ocean acidification
Direct effects on living organisms
• plant damage • CaCO3 structures impacted • ocean acidification
In-direct effects on living organisms
• acid conditions - mobilize metals • metals may end up concentrated in other places
How does natural gas desulphurisation reduce acid rain
• sulphur present in hydrogen sulphide • reacting it with an amine solution
How does crude oil desulphurisation reduce acid rain
• fractional distillation • molybdenum catalyst
How does coal desulphurisation reduce acid rain
• iron pyrite (sulphur in coal) is denser than remaining coal • pulverize coal - can sort it by density
How does dry flue - gas desulphurisation reduce acid rain
• past through a bed of crushed limestone • sulphur dioxide reacts with CaCO3 and produces calcium sulphate
How does wet flue - gas desulphurisation reduce acid rain
• bubbling emissions through a liquid • use sodium sulphite • to create sodium hydrogen sulphite
How does low temperature combustion reduce NOX’s
• reduce temp in engines - ^ SA for combustion • reduces bonds breaking
How do catalytic converters reduce NOX’s
• contain rare metals • breaks NOX molecules
How do urea sprays reduce NOX’s
• pass gas through urea which neutralizes the NOX’s