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Chapter 11 What is the Hydrologic Cycle?
A continuous movement of water on, above,and below earths surface Precipitation, Transpiration, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Runoff
Chapter 11 What is Evapotranspiration?
The combined process of evaporation and transpiration More Active in hot climates
Chapter 11 What is Residence Time?
The length of time that water stays in a compartment On average, a water molecule stays in ocean for 3,000, but might only be in atmosphere for a week
Chapter 11 What is a Water Compartment?
Anything that can contain water, so lakes, oceans, ice and snow, groundwater, atmosphere, living organisms, soil, marshes
Chapter 11 What the heck is Groundwater?????
Water that exists underground in spaces in sand, soil and rocks. She is the largest compartment of liquid fresh water.
Chapter 11 What is the Water Table?
The top layer of the zone of saturation; Moves depending on surface topography and structure
Chapter 11 What is an Aquifer?
A pourus, water-bearing layer of sand, gravel, and rock below earth’s surface (acts as a reservoir for ground water) Is below the Water Table
Chapter 11 What is the Recharge Zone of an Aquifer?
The area where water infiltrates into the aquifer most are slow to recharge, and contaniments can enter
Chapter 11 What is Subsidence?
The gradual sinking of Earth’s surface, often caused by removal of water
Chapter 11 What is the difference between Point Source and Non-Point Source Pollution?
Point Source Pollution is a specific location that has concentrated pollution discharge Non-Point Source is when the pollution is scattered, and can not be traced to a specific location
What is Coliform Bacteria? And why is it helpful in Waste Treatment?
Coliform Bacteria lives in the intestines Pathogens are difficult to detect, so detecting for Coliform Bacteria can be used as a measure for the presence of feces in water/soil.
Chapter 11 What is Oxygen Sag?
When Oxygen levels decline downstream from a pollution source that introduced materials with high BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
What is Biological Oxygen Demand? / what is dissolved oxygen
What is Eutrophication?
The increase in nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in a body of water can lead to excessive growth of algae and plants
What is Thermal Pollution?
The artificial raising or lower of water temperature in a way that negatively affects the water quality or biota (flora and fauna)
What is Sediment Pollution?
The excessive amount of sediment entering waterways, often from erosion, wind, or human activity. Can block sunlight, destroy habitats, make water unsafe
** What is A Constructed Wetland???? :0
A complexartificial marsh designed to filter/decompose waste using natural processes. Just a cutsey water treatment plant, they also are cheap
What is Bioremediation?????
The use of Biological Organisms to remove pollution or restore environmental quality The chomp down on that pollution
How does Water Pollution affect Biodiversity?
Pollution can cause Dead zones, kill/harm organisms by introducing toxins, disrupt food chains, and degrade the overall habitat
What are the three main fossil fuels and what do they do?
Coal – abundant, all for electricity, contributes to CO2, mercury release, acid rain, radioactivity * Oil – provides most of our transportation energy (most burned directly), CO2, water use, forest destruction * Natural gas – fewer emissions than coal and oil when burned, concerns with fracking
What are the four renewable energy sources we need to know? What are the Pros and Cons?
• Solar – various methods, takes up lots of space • Wind – fastest growing renewable source, not economical in all areas, high bird and bat mortality • Nuclear – NO greenhouse gas emissions!, high water use, safety concerns, lack of storage facilities for radioactive waste, mining waste • Hydropower – dams can cause flooding, habitat destruction, increased groundwater usage downstream, change sediment deposition