12: Acid-base Equilibria
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
A proton donor, meaning that they release hydrogen ions when added to wayer
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
A proton acceptor
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction?
Reaction involving the transfer of a proton
What is a monoprotic acid?
Acids that release one proton per molecule
What is a diprotic acid?
An acid that releases two protons per molecule
What is a conjugate pair?
Two species that differ by a hydrogen ion • e.g. H2SO4 is linked to the conjugate base HSO4-
How would you identify a conjugate pair if both chemicals are acids?
The stronger acid will be the acid The weaker acid will be the base
What is the reaction between acids and metal?
Acids + Metal —> Salt + Hydrogen
How is hydrogen formed when acids and metals react?
Metal atoms become oxidised and hydrogen ions get reduced (thus gaining an electron)
What do acids and metal carbonates react to form?
Acid + Metal carbonate —> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
What do acids and base react to form?
Acid + Base —> Salt + Water
What actually is pH?
It is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration
What does it mean when we say the pH scale is logarithmic?
A decrease in 1pH unit will mean that there is a 10x increase in hydrogen ions
What does the pH scale range from?
From pH 1 to pH 14
How do you calculate the pH, if you know the hydrogen ion concentration?
pH = -log [H+]
How do you calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion, if you know the pH?
[H+] = 10^-pH
How many decimal places should you write pH as?
Always to 2 decimal places
What is a strong acid?
An acid that completely dissociates in a solution, which means every single molecule breaks apart into a hydrogen ion and conjugate base
What is a monobasic acid?
An acid in which the moles of acid and hydrogen ions are equal
What is the ionic product of water?
Kw, it is the equilibrium constant that gives a value for the position of equilibrium for the dissociation of water
What is the expression for the ionic product of water?
Kw = [H+][OH-]
What are the units for Kw?
Always mol^2dm^-6
What is the concentration of both H+ and OH- in pure water?
1:1 ratio
What type of reaction is the dissociation of water?
Endothermic