Unit 1 - Immunity and Viruses
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Membranes have a combination of _________ that are unique to an individual
surface proteins
The only exception of unique surface proteins are in
identical twins
The immune system can recognize the combination of membrane antigenic molecules as ______ antigens
‘self’
Foreign antigens are recognized as being _______ and are ________
non-self, destroyed
Safe blood transfusion depends on giving blood to a patient which the immune system will
recognize as self
Blood from group O donors do not have any
antigens
Blood group O can be given to
anybody
Group O are what type of donor?
universal donors
What blood group doesn’t have any antigens?
Group O
Blood group A can be given what blood groups?
Blood group A and AB
Blood group A can’t be given to blood group O or blood group B because blood group A has
anti-A antibodies
Blood group B can be given to what blood groups?
Blood groups B and AB
Blood group B can’t be given to blood groups A or O because they have
Anti-B antibodies
Blood group AB patients do not have any blood group antibodies so therefore can
receive blood from anyone
Blood group AB can receive blood from anyone so are known as
universal recipients
If the wrong blood was given to a person, what would happen?
The donated blood cells would stick together and block blood vessels and the patient would die
Antibodies are what?
Proteins synthesized by lymphocytes in response to the presence of foreign antigens
Antibodies are synthesised by
lymphocytes of the immune system
Antibodies are produced when?
there are foreign ‘non-self’ antigens detected
Antibodies are what shape?
Y
Antibodies have a receptor for a specific
antigen
Antibodies have receptors on the end of each
arm of the Y
The receptors in an antibody are for a
specific antigen
Antibodies bind to antigens causing the foreign cells to
clump together