[2S] UNIT 6 Carbohydrates

Major food source and energy supply for the body

Where is carbohydrates stored as glycogen?

Found in connective tissues and nucleic acids

FBS: increased in plasma glucose level seen in diabetic patient

Produces ATP for active movement of substances

Increase level of glucose

T/F: Hyperglycemia can be caused by factors like pancreatectomy, hemochromatosis and stress

T/F: Hyperglycemia can be caused by factors like mild infection, dehydration, pregnancy, and abnormal insulin receptor

Decreased plasma glucose level

Seen in diabetic patient who injects insulin

T/F: Diabetic patient who injects insulin have 1 or 2 episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia per week

Produced by B-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans

Hormone that decreases plasma glucose levels

Primary hormone responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell.

Primary hypoglycemic agent

Regulates glucose by increasing glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and glycolysis and inhibiting glycogenolysis

Formation of glycogen from glucose

Process of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis from glucose or other substrates

Breakdown of glucose in the formation of lactate, pyruvate, or other intermediate products such as ATP

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Primary hormone responsible for increasing glucose levels

Increases plasma glucose levels by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Secreted by α-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans

Measured routinely using serum or plasma ○ Whole blood ○ Urine ○ CSF ○ Other body fluids