psych psych prob
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unipolar depression
type of mood disorder causing periods of feeling sad and lacking motivation to do everyday activities
symptoms of unipolar depression
feeling/attempting suicide low self esteem poor appetite/increase in normal appetite feeling guilty/self blame very tired even after sleeping
features of unipolar depression
mild episode-4 symptoms displayed-patient may find symptoms upsetting, but continues with day to day activities moderate episode-5-6 symptoms displayed-patient may seriously struggle with day to day activities severe episode-7+ symptoms-patient may engage in self harm to cope with feelings
genetic explanation of unipolar depression
hyde et al (2016) found that 17 different gene variations were linked to developing depression
strengths of genetic explanation of unipolar depression
science backed (caspi 2003) explaining it gene-wise could prevent stigma
weaknesses of genetic explanation of unipolar depression
deterministic reductionist
monozygotic twins
twins from one fertilized egg that split into 2
dizygotic twins
twins from 2 different eggs fertilized during the same pregnancy
genetic predisposition
biological tendency to develop a particular behaviour as a result of one’s genes
diathesis stress model
explanation for depression that claims people can have a gene that makes them likely to develop depression, but only in a stressful situation that triggers depressive thoughts
deterministic
our actions come from what we are born with and what we experience
strengths of cognitive theory as an explanation of depression
applied to therapy takes into account the events in one’s life
weaknesses of cognitive theory as an explanation of depression
difficult to tell whether irrational thoughts are a cause or symptom of being depressed although some cases can be seen to follow activating events (death in the family), some depression types may not be so easily explained through processes
cognitive theory
explanation on how thought processes influence behaviour
magnification
form of cognitive bias that makes people see their problems as far bigger than they actually are
main aims of CBT as a depression treatment
help the patient change the way they think help the patient to change the way they act to improve the symptoms theyre having
stage 1 of CBT as a depression treatment
patient discusses symptoms
stage 2 of CBT as a depression treatment
challenging the irrational thoughts by replacing them with rational ones
strengths of CBT as a depression treatment
evidence backed (beltman et al 2010) longer lasting against anti-depressants makes the patients responsible for their growth
weaknesses of CBT as a depression treatment
heavy patient input ethical issues (patients being encourages to think that their own thought processes are an issue)
drug therapy as a depression treatment (anti-depressants)
work by raising the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline
SSRIs
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: block the reuptake of serotonin when its released from a neuron, making it last longer and improves mood
SNRIs
serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors block the reuptake of both serotonin and noradrenaline, enhancing the effect of the available serotonin and noradrenaline
MAOIs
monoamine oxidase inhibitors prevents the enzyme monoamine oxidase from breaking down serotonin and noradrenaline