Lecture 3

Groups of atoms that replace a H in an organic structure

Carbonyl functional group C=O

Reactant + H2O  product adds water to break down

Reactant  H2O + product condenses and removes water

prepared by reacting carboxylic acids with alcohols Ex. ethyl acetate is prepared by the condensation reaction of acetic acid with ethanol

formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids with an amine

a basic functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded in a hydrocarbon framework

the study of chemistry that takes place in the living cell

Carbohydrates – Cx(H2O)y Lipids: the oil soluble part of a cell- includes triglycerides aka fats Amino acids and Proteins Vitamins Hormones

contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and have the general formula

Monosaccharides = simplest carbohydrates or sugars (Glucose) Disaccharides = 2 monosaccharides Polysaccharides = many monosaccharides, polymers of sugar molecules

lipids derived from animals They contain mostly saturated fatty acids that have been condensed (esters) with glycerol Most are solid at room temperature

lipids derived from plants They contain a larger proportion of unsaturated fatty acids condensed (esters) with glycerol Most are liquid at room temperature

contain no C=C double bonds

contain one C=C double bond

contain more than one C=C double bond

Fats and Oils are both called triglycerides, Both have three ester linkages Triglycerides are esters of glycerol and fatty acids

biological compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water

is the term we use for serum that has high lipid content can lead to refraction via our spectrophotometric analysis and interfere with results Lipemia has a very milky appearance

the monomer units in biological polymers called peptides or proteins contains a carboxylic acid group and an amino group

Amino acids can undergo condensation reactions between the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of the other amino acid

peptide bond: amide link between amino acids dipeptide: compound formed when two amino acid are condensed tripeptide: Three amino acids polypeptide: Ten or more amino acids

When a polypeptide has a molecular weight of 10,000 g/mol or more

One pattern of folding produces “corkscrew” shapes are common and often repeated over and over again within a structure