secondary immune response
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what is a secondary immune response?
• reinfected with same pathogen • B memory cells rapidly produce antibodies • pathogen destroyed before symptoms occur
describe passive immunity
• antibodies introduced into the body • memory/plasma cells not made • no long term immunity
what is an example of passive immunity?
breast milk to a baby
describe active immunity
direct exposure to pathogen/antigen
describe natural active immunity
following infection, the body creates its own antibodies
describe artificial active immunity
• following introduction of a weakened pathogen or antigen via vaccine, body creates its own antibodies • primary response triggered • allows secondary response if reinfected
what is herd immunity?
when the majority of a population are immune
what are disadvantages of vaccination?
• pathogens genetic material can mutate • produces a different shaped antigen (antigen variability)
why is biodiversity so important?
most medicines are produced from plants and microorganisms
give an example of active immunity
vaccination
give an example of natural immunity
fetes receiving antibodies through placenta
give an example of artificial immunity
vaccination