3.3.3 Halogenoalkanes

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

What is a halogenoalkane?

Back (Answer)

Alkanes with at least one halogen atom in place of hydrogen atom

Front (Question)

Describe 3 physical properties of halogenoalkanes

Back (Answer)

• Insoluble in water ∵ polar Cδ+—Xδ- bonds are not polar enough • Main intermolecular forces of attraction are dipole—dipole attraction and van der Waals forces • Halogenoalkanes mix with hydrocarbons

Front (Question)

Boiling points increase with … & increases when …

Back (Answer)

Boiling points increase with increased chain length & increases when going down the halogen group

Front (Question)

Why do boiling points increase with increased chain length or when going down the halogen group?

Back (Answer)

∵ larger the molecule = greater the number of electrons ∴ greater the van der Waals forces

Front (Question)

Why do halogenoalkanes have higher boiling points than alkanes with similar chain lengths?

Back (Answer)

∵ have higher relative molecular masses & more polar

Front (Question)

Why are carbon-halogen bonds polar?

Back (Answer)

Halogens are much more electronegative than carbon

Front (Question)

What makes halogenoalkanes prone to attacks from nucleophiles?

Back (Answer)

δ+ charge on carbon/polar carbon-halogen bond

Front (Question)

What is a nucleophile?

Back (Answer)

Electron-pair donor (negatively charged ion or an atom with δ- charge)

Front (Question)

What do nucleophiles have?

Back (Answer)

Has lone (unshared) pair of electrons

#10

Front (Question)

As you go down the halogen group, the bonds (C-X) get __ ___

Back (Answer)

less polar

#11

Front (Question)

What is a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Back (Answer)

When a nucleophile reacts with polar molecules by replacing the functional group

#12

Front (Question)

Why are nucleophilic substitution reactions used?

Back (Answer)

To introduce new functional groups into organic compounds

#13

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic Substitution Name the reactant

Back (Answer)

Halogenoalkane

#14

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic Substitution Name the nucleophiles

Back (Answer)

:OH-, :CN- & :NH3

#15

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic Substitution Name the condition & product for the nucleophile :OH-

Back (Answer)

Warm, aqueous NaOH or KOH → Alcohol

#16

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic Substitution Name the condition & product for the nucleophile :CN-

Back (Answer)

Warm halogenoalkane with ethanolic KCN(aq) → Nitrile

#17

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic Substitution Name the condition & product for the nucleophile :NH3

Back (Answer)

Warm halogenoalkane with excess ethanolic ammonia → Amine

#18

Front (Question)

Why is the reaction between hydroxide ions & halogenoalkanes sometimes called hydrolysis?

Back (Answer)

∵ in the mechanism, the exact same reaction will happen with water

#19

Front (Question)

Bromoethane + aqueous NaOH Name the mechanism

Back (Answer)

Nucleophilic Substitution

#20

Front (Question)

Bromoethane + aqueous NaOH Balanced Equation

Back (Answer)

C2H5Br + NaOH → C2H5OH + NaBr

#21

Front (Question)

Bromoethane + aqueous NaOH Name of Organic Product

Back (Answer)

Ethanol

#22

Front (Question)

Bromoethane + aqueous NaOH Mechanism

Back (Answer)

#23

Front (Question)

Bromoethane + NH3 Name of Mechanism

Back (Answer)

Nucleophilic Substitution

#24

Front (Question)

Bromoethane + NH3 Balanced Equation

Back (Answer)