Biology 1a
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What two factors can affect your metabolic rate ?
Size / muscle mass / exercise
Name 3 different food types needed for a balanced diet
Carbohydrates / fats / protein / fibre / calcium / vitamins / mineral ions
Eating too much leads to what ?
Obesity
Obesity can lead to what ?
Arthritis / type 2 diabetes / high blood pressure / heart disease / cancer
Lack of food leads to what ?
Malnourishment
What does a lack of vitamin C lead to ?
Scurvy
What does your lifestyle include ?
What you eat and do
How does bacteria make you ill ?
• Damage cells 2. Producing toxins ( poisons )
How does a virus survive ?
They invade cells and reproduce inside them and then burst.
Why do you feel ill because of a viral infection ?
Cell damage
How does your body defend against invasion ?
Hair / mucus / skin / blood clots (platelets) / white blood cells in immune system
Name the 3 ways white blood cells defend against invaders
• Consume them - white blood cells engulf foreign cells • Producing antibodies - antibodies lock onto antigen and kill the foreign cell • Antitoxins - These counteract invading bacteria
Explain vaccination
• Small dead or inactive viruses are injected. Body produces antibodies to attack the antigens. • The antibody shape is memorised in memory cells. If you are affected again they can rapidly be produced before you are too ill
Advantages of vaccine include
Epidemics prevented / controlled many illnesses in the past ( eg. Polio, tetanus )
Disadvantages of vaccines include
They don’t always work / can have bad reactions.
What do antibiotics help ?
Bacterial infections
What are the dangers of antibiotics ?
The bacteria can mutate to become immune to the antibiotics and therefore not be cured. This will survive and reproduce and won’t be stopped. Can be deadly
What was Semmelweis’ theory ?
He was working in a hospital where many babies were dying. He believed this was down to doctors carrying bacteria as their hands weren’t washed. He made the midwifed wash their hands and saw that much less were dying from midwife than doctor. This is why we wash our hands !
What are the five sense organs ?
Eyes / ears / nose / tongue / skin
What is a receptor ?
They are a group I cells that are sensitive to a specific stimulus (eg. Light )
What does CNS stand for ?
Central nervous system
What is a neurone ?
Part of the nervous system that transmits information.
What is the route in which an impulse takes ?
Sensory neurone > relay neurone > motor neurone > effector muscle
What is a synapse ?
The connection between two neurones