Chapter 2 Test
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How are active and passive transport the same? How are they different?
They both move molecules across a cell membrane. Active transport uses cellular energy, while passive transport does’t use any cellular energy.
What are cells? and what are they made of?
Cells are parts of an organism that carry out all of its functions and are made of organelles.
What role does water play in cells?
Most chemical reactions in cells depend on substances that must be dissolved in water to react.
What are the level of organization in a multicellular organism?
Cell, tissue, organ. organ system, organism
How can you distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell? give at least three examples.
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts and also do not contain Lysosomes
How are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus related?
The endoplasmic reticulum produces the substances that the golgi apparatus sorts and ships.
What did Leeuwenhoek’s observations reveal?
He observed unicellular organisms from pond water.
How are compounds different from elements?
Compounds are more than one element chemically combined, and an element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down.
Name the four main groups of organic molecules in living things. Describe the function of each molecule.
Lipids- stores energy for later use. Carbohydrates- breaks down starch into sugars to use for energy Proteins- speeds up chemical reactions in living things Nucleic Acid- the instructions the cell needs to carry out all functions of life
What are two examples of passive transport? describe each.
diffusion-the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. osmosis- the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane
What are two examples of active transport? describe each.
endocytosis- when a cell membrane changes shape and engulfs a particle exocytosis- the vacuole fuses with the membrane, the membrane then forms an opening to the outside and spills out the content of the vacuole.
What does it mean for a membrane to be selectively permeable?
The membrane will only allow specific substances to pass through.
State the cell theory.
• all living things are composed of cells • cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things • all cells are produced from other cells
What was Hooke’s discovery?
Hooke discovered cork cells, which would have been impossible to observe without the invention of the microscope.