Topic 9 - Separate Chemistry 2
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Flame tests are
Tests to identify specific metal ions by burnign them as solids over a flame
Lithium ion flame test
Red flame
Sodium ion flame test
Yellow flame
Potassium ion flame test
Lilac flame
Calcium ion flame test
Orange-red flame
Copper ion flame test
Blue-green flame
The test where NaOH is added is for
metal ions in solid or solution that precipitate out of solution when formed
Aluminium ion precipitate test
White precipitate at first, then dissolves in excess NaOH to become colourless
Calcium ion precipitate test
White precipitate
Copper ion precipitate test
Blue precipitate
Iron(II) ion precipitate
Green precipitate
Iron(III) ion precipitate
Brown precipitate
Test for ammonium ions
Add NaOH solution and gently heat it. If ammonia gas is given off then it is ammonium ions. Use red litmus paper to test for gas, it should turn blue
Test for carbonate ions
Add dilute acid If carbonate ions are present, the mixture will fiz and produce CO2 gas Use carbon dioxide test in limewater to make sure
Test for sulfate ions
Add some dilute hydrochloric acid, the nsome barium chloride solution. If sulfate ions are present, a white precipitate will form
Test for halide ions(chloride, bromide, iodide)
Add dilute nitric acid, and a few drops of silver nitrate solution. A precipitate should form Chloride give white precipitate Bromide gives cream precipitate Iodide gives yellow precipitate
Instrumental analysis is
Tests that use machines
Advantages of instrumental analysis
Very sensitive Very fast Very accurate
Flame photometry is
A type of instrumental analysis that detects the wavelengths of an ion in a dilute solution.
Alkanes and alkenes are
Homologous groups of hydrocarbons
Alkanes general formula
CnH2n+2
Acronym to remember order of alkanes
Monkeys eat peanut butter
Order of alkanes
Methane(CH4) Ethane(C2H6) Propane(C3H8) Butane(C4H10)
Alkanes are
saturated hydrocarbons