Genes

Made up of sequences of DNA at specific locations on chromosomes

Form proteins

sequence of bases in a gene determines which amino acids are used to build the protein - sequence of amino acids determines the shape of the protein - the shape of protein determines the function of the protein - the function of the protein affects the traits of the organism.

Different versions of genes, have same position on a chromosome as each other, but have slightly different base sequences.

Pair of alleles that an individual has, written in pairs of letters

Physical characteristics, are determined by alleles in genotype. Written as descriptions of what the trait looks like.

A dominant trait or gene

A trait that is expressed only when the genotype is homozygous

Two copies of the same allele (both dominant or recessive) - Homozygous dominant –> dominant phenotype (BB) - Homozygous recessive –> recessive phenotype (bb)

Has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. (Bb)

building blocks of proteins

Tt - Heterozygous genotype bb- Homozygous recessive genotype TT - homozygous dominant genotype