Oceanography (stopped at features of deep-ocean basins)

T

Pacific - Atlantic - Indian - Arctic

HMS Challenger

The measure of the ocean dephts and changing of the shape

Sound Navigation and Ranging

acoustic wave

SatellitesR

measuring subtle differences in sea level by bouncing microwaves off the sea surface

deep ocean basins, continental margins, mid-ocean ridges

Passive; located far from plate boundaries and common on atlantic and indian coasts; divergence here (not associated with strong earthquakes or volcanic activity) Active; located at plate boundaries and marked by subduction zones; convergence; pacific coastas and most subduction zones lie far beyond margins of contientns.

seafloor spreading

wide and sediment

continental shelf, slope, rise

considered the flooded part of the continent

Seaward extensions of river valleys on adjacent landmasses (eroded down during the pliestocene); important resources of oil and natural gas

relatively steep that marks the boundary between continental and oceanic crust

formed from a collection of deep-sea fans; gradual incline; accumulation of sediemnt delivered by turbidity currents flowing through submarine canyons

deep, steep-sided valleys are cur into cojntinental slope and may extend across the entire continetal rise to the deep-ocean basin

most submarine canyons are carved out by turbidity currents; episoic downslope movements of coarse, sediment-laden water

deposits where turbidity currents lose momentum and deposit on the ocean floor (coarse - smooth and small in a process known as graded bedding)

located along convergent plate boundaries; accretionary wedge

rather than sediment accumulating along the front of the overriding plate, sediment and rock are scraped off fromt he bottom of the overriding plate and treansported into the mantle by the subducting plate (in active continental margins)