Lecture 27

The partially digested food mass that passes from the stomach duodenum

Addition of water in a reaction resulting the splitting of the compound into smaller units

Prehension Chewing Mixing with saliva Swallowing Fermentation (microbes break down in rumen) Regurgitation Reswallowing Further fermentation Movement through stomach compartments

Ppt he return of food from the rumen for the purpose of performing B-D numerous times. Brought about by multiple steps

Contraction of rumen and reticulum Opening of cardia (cardiac sphincter has to dialate) Inspiration with glottis closed (pressure becomes negative, lumen formed in esophagus) Reverse peristalsis (4x faster than regular peristalsis, caudal to cranial direction, material drawn up in mouth)

Duodenum (initial 5%) Jejunum (next 90%) Ileum (last 5%)

Metabolism and absorption

Papillae- glands Ducts- liver and pancreas

Water Salts Mucus Enzymes

Serous (connective tissue) Muscular (two layers of smooth muscle) Submucosa (blood vessels and nerves) Mucosa (borders lumen)

Enterokinase (produced by glands in intestine) Maltase(maltose-2 glucose) Lactase (lactose-glucose and galactose) Sucrase (sucrose-glucose and fructose) Peptidase (amino acids COOH and NH2)

Exocrine(duct) and endocrine gland (hormones) Separate duct in pig and cattle Enzymes Lipase

Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen Amylase (starch-maltose) Maltase Lipase (fats-fatty acids and glycerol)

Increases PH Secretin and cholecystokinin…increase secretion of bile

Storage and formation of animal starch Secretion of bile Detoxification of poisons (lactic acid) Breakdown of Uric acid Desaturation of fatty acids

Major constituents Bile salts, acids, pigments Emulsifying fats…dispersion Control of release

Cecum: fermentation, post gastric Colan: absorb small molecules and water

Process by regurgitating the food, chewing the cud, and reswallowing it