Nutritional and environmental diseases
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What are the heavy metals normally implicated in disease? Hint - there are 4.
Lead, mercurary, arsenic, cadmium
What is the main source of lead-containing products that cause lead poisoning in children?
Lead containing paint Lead containing drinking water
What does lead cause in children?
CNS developmental defects, cartilege remodelling issues, anaemia.
What does lead cause in adults?
Peripheral neuropathy, catilege remodelling issues, anaemia.
What is the majory source of mercury poisoning?
Fish.
What is caused by mercury exposure in children?
Methyl mercury accumulates in the CNS. Causes minamata disease - characterised by cerbral palsy, deafness, and blindness.
What is the source of most arsenic implicated in arsenic poisoning?
Soil and water. Wood preservatives and herbicides. It is also a component of alternative medicines.
What are the consequences of arsenic exposure?
Interferes with oxidative phosphorylation and protein function. Toxic GI, CNS and CVS effects. Long term exposure causes skin lesions and carcinomas.
Where does cadmium exposure usually come from?
Nickel-cadmium batteries and chemical fertillisers.
What does excess cadmium exposure cause?
Obstructive lung disease (COPD), kidney damage.
What type of issue is caused by paracetamol overdose in the liver/
Centrilobular liver necrosis.
How can ionising radition indirectly cause cellular damage?
Generating free radicals from water or O2 molecules.