Qualitative Test for Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons – can be grouped into four structural classes

test to distinguish different hydrocarbons:

the experiment includes the generation of this

used to determine the presence of ethyne

oxidizes alkenes to geminal diols

means two -OH groups

OH groups on adjacent carbons

oxidized to geminal diketones

in this reaction, the potassium permanganate is reduced to this of manganese dioxide

what the potassium permanganate is reduced to

which solution is the potassium permanganate soluble in

neither water nor potassium permanganate is soluble in this

where the water and hydrocarbon reaction takes place and is somewhat slow

except cycloalkanes react with bromine

these are the only hydrocarbons that is negative in br2 (dark)

hydrocarbons positive in Br2 (light)

usually used as solvents because they are unreactive toward both bromine and hydrocarbons that have multiple bonds

undergo an addition reaction with bromine

its bond becomes a single bond and one bromine atom becomes bonded to each of the carbons that had shared the double bond

its bond undergoes addition becoming a single bond but the carbons that had been joined by the number of its bond will now hold two bromine atoms

react with concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce alkyl sulfonic acid

highly polar and is soluble in the polar sulfuric acid with sufficient stirring

not soluble in the polar concentrated sulfuric acid concentrated sulfuric acid, but dissolves as it reacts and the mixture is stirred

not capable of forming hydrogen bonds, while the sulfuric acid and the alkyl sulfonic can