Aldehydes & Ketones
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Are aldehydes and ketones polar or nonpolar?
Polar
Aldehydes and ketones have _____ boiling points than similar alcohols.
Lower
Can aldehydes and ketones have intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
No
Aldehydes and ketones are _______ in organic solvents.
Soluble
Aldehydes and ketones with 6 C’s or less are _______ in water.
Soluble
Aldehydes and ketones with 7 C’s or more are _________ in water.
Insoluble
What is the simplest aldehyde?
Formaldehyde (Methanal / Formalin)
It is the starting material for synthesis of resins and plastics.
Formalin
It is sold as formalin, a 37% aqueous solution used to preserve biological specimens.
Formaldehyde
What is the simplest ketone?
Acetone (Propanone / Dimethyl Ketone)
It is an industrial solvent and a starting material for organic polymers.
Acetone
It is produced in the breakdown of fatty acids in the body.
Acetone
The major component of cinnamon bark.
Cinnamaldehyde
The primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean.
Vanillin
The characteristic odor of lemon grass, used in perfumery and in synthesis of vitamin A.
Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal)
The odor of citronella candles, used to repel mosquitoes.
Citronellal (3,7-dimethyl -6-octenal)
Aldehydes can be oxidized to?
Carboxylic Acids
Aldehydes and ketones undergo ________ reactions.
Addition reactions
Can ketones be oxidized?
No
Aldehydes are reduced to _______ alcohols.
Primary Alcohols
Ketones are reduced to _________ alcohols.
Secondary Alcohols
Is formaldehyde a solid, liquid, or gas?
Gas
It is used in embalming, tanning, preparing glues, and polymeric products, as germicides, insecticides, and fungicides for plants. It is also used in drug testing and photography.
Formaldehyde
It is largely used for the production of acetic acid and pyridine derivatives.
Acetaldehyde