Chapter 2 - Disease And Biogenetics

It speeds up the rate of reaction

A large protein the catalyses reactions

It increases the rate of reaction. Too much, however, denatures the enzyme therefore reaction slows down

Where the enzyme brakes down the substrate

The enzyme’s active site fits perfectly like a lock and key with the substrate

The denatured enzyme’s active site is shaped differently therefore substrate is less effective of fitting.

1) amylase - starch to maltose 2) Prorese - protein to amino acids 3) lipase - lipids to fatty acids

1) Waxy cuticle 2) Upper epidermis 3) Palisade mesophyll 4) Spongy mesophyll 5) Lower epidermis

Small openings in the underside of the leaf for water loss and gas exchange

Xylem - pulls water from the roots Phloem - dissolves sugars through the plant

A microorganism that causes disease (bacteria, virus, fungi, protists)

Virus - live and reproduce Inside an organisms cells Bacteria - reproduce rapidly inside organisms. Release toxins which damage cells

Fungi - Rose back spot Protists - Malaria

Nose, skin and stomach

There are 2 types: lymphocytes and phagocytes. Both fight pathogens

Bacteria is treated with antibiotics which kill the bacteria. Viruses cannot be killed but symptoms are treated with painkillers

1) Pre - clinical trials 2) Clinical trials 3) Peer review

Diseases that cannot be transmitted between humans

Genetics and lifestyle choices