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DNA STRUCTURE & REPLICATION

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Total cards: 18•Content version: v3•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (18)

#1
Front (Question)

What are the 3 major roles of DNA?

Back (Answer)

Storing, copying, and transmitting information

#2
Front (Question)

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Back (Answer)

A nucleic acid (made up of nucleotide) joined into long strands/chains by covalent bonds

#3
Front (Question)

What does the Nucleotide contain?

Back (Answer)

5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base

#4
Front (Question)

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

Back (Answer)

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

#5
Front (Question)

How does the shape of the DNA form

Back (Answer)

There are 2 strands that are antiparallel from one another: weak hydrogen bonds form between nitrogenous base to allow separation to happen

#6
Front (Question)

What are the four major scientists that help research deeper into DNA?

Back (Answer)

Charagraff, Franklin, Watson & Crick

#7
Front (Question)

What was Charagraff’s discovery?

Back (Answer)

Found out certain nitrogenous bases always bonded to one another (Adenine & Thymine|Guanine & Cytosine)

#8
Front (Question)

What was Franklin’s discovery?

Back (Answer)

Used a technique called X-ray diffraction to see the double helix structure finding out that there are two strands in the DNA structure

#9
Front (Question)

What was Watson & Crick’s discovery?

Back (Answer)

They used Franklin’s discovery to figure out the shape of DNA is a double helix

#10
Front (Question)

Before duplicating DNA, what does DNA go through?

Back (Answer)

DNA goes through S-phase which replicates the DNA to pass on the info to their daughter cells

#11
Front (Question)

During the replication process, what happens?

Back (Answer)

DNA unzips in the middle breaking the weak hydrogen bonds creating 2 identical DNA molecules

#12
Front (Question)

What are the importance of enzymes?

Back (Answer)

Help unzip the DNA, adds the in the complementary nucleotide to produce a new strand of DNA, forms covalent bonds between nucleotide

#13
Front (Question)

Helicase

Back (Answer)

An enzymes that unwinds DNA

#14
Front (Question)

RNA Primase

Back (Answer)

Adds a few Nitrogenous bases to the new strand to help DNA polymolerase to continue the rest of the pattern

#15
Front (Question)

DNA polymolerase

Back (Answer)

Adds in the rest of the nitrogenous bases to complete the DNA (this is more easier if it’s adding on the leading strand)

#16
Front (Question)

Leading strand

Back (Answer)

Goes from 5’ to 3’

#17
Front (Question)

Lagging strand

Back (Answer)

Goes from 3’ to 5’ (antiparallel from the leading strand)

#18
Front (Question)

DNA ligase

Back (Answer)

Mends pieces together