gas exchange in humans
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path of air for gas exchange
Nose/mouth -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli
Alveoli
place where gas exchange takes place. Alveoli provide a large surface area to volume ratio so that gas exchange is more efficient
gas exchange surfaces must;
• Have a large surface area • Be thin • Have a good blood supply • Have good ventilation with air
trachea
• airway connected to mouth and nose • Contains rings called cartilage • Supports the airway and help keep it open
when you breath in:
• Volume of thorax increases • Pressure inside decreases • Air is pushed into the lungs
when you breath out:
• Volume of thorax decreases • Pressure increases • Air is pushed out of the lungs
breathing in (structures)
• diaphragm contracts • internal intercostal muscles relax • external intercostal muscles contract • ribcage moves upwards and outwards
breathing out (structures)
• diaphragm relaxes • internal intercostal muscles contract • external intercostal muscles relax • ribcage moves upwards and outwards
goblet cells
• Produce sticky mucus • Found in the lining of the membrane • Mucus secreted by goblet cells lines the inside of the trachea - trapping pathogens in inspired air
ciliated cells
• Line the surfaces of: the nose, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles • Contain very thin, hair-like structures on the surface called cilia • Movements of the cilia sweep mucus out of the breathing system to the throat, carrying away any tapped pathogens from the breathing system