3.14 Organic synthesis

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Features of an ideal synthetic route

Back (Answer)

• Uses non hazardous reactants • High atom economy and percentage yield • Fewest possible steps • Avoids solvents

Front (Question)

Why should solvents be avoided when designing a synthetic route?

Back (Answer)

• Many solvents are highly flammable or toxic (increased hazards) • Solvents have to be removed • Create a lot of waste

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Acyl chloride / acid anhydride –> Ester

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: Alcohol CONDITIONS: none TYPE: Nucleophilic addition elimination

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Ester –> Alcohol

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂SO₄ (aq) OR NaOH (aq) CONDITIONS: Reflux TYPE: Hydrolysis

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Alcohol –> Ester

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: Carboxylic acid CONDITIONS: Reflux + conc. H₂SO₄ catalyst TYPE: Esterification

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Alcohol –> Ketone

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂SO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ CONDITIONS: Reflux TYPE: Oxidation

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Ketone –> Alcohol

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: NaBH₄ CONDITIONS: Aqueous TYPE: Nucleophilic addition (reduction)

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Ester –> Carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂SO₄ (aq) CONDITIONS: Reflux TYPE: Hydrolysis

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Carboxylic acid –> Ester

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: Alcohol CONDITIONS: Reflux TYPE: Esterification

#10

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Alcohol –> Aldehyde

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂SO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ CONDITIONS: Immediate distillation TYPE: Oxidation

#11

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Aldehyde –> Alcohol

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: NaBH₄ CONDITIONS: Aqueous TYPE: Nucleophilic addition (reduction)

#12

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Aldehyde –> Carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂SO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ CONDITIONS: reflux TYPE: Oxidation

#13

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Alcohol –> Carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂SO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ CONDITIONS: Reflux TYPE: Oxidation

#14

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Halogenoalkane –> Alcohol

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: NaOH OR KOH CONDITIONS: Warm + aqueous TYPE: Nucleophilic substitution

#15

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Alkene –> Alcohol

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂O CONDITIONS: conc. H₃PO₄ catalyst + High temperature and pressure TYPE: Hydration

#16

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Alcohol –> Alkene

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: conc. H₂SO₄ CONDITIONS: Heat TYPE: Elimination

#17

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Acyl chloride –> Carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂O CONDITIONS: none TYPE: Nucleophilic addition elimination

#18

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Acyl chloride –> Primary amide

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: NH₃ CONDITIONS: none TYPE: Nucleophilic addition elimination

#19

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Halogenoalkane –> Primary amine

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: Excess NH₃ CONDITIONS: Heat + Ethanolic TYPE: Nucleophilic substitution

#20

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Primary amine –> Secondary amine

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: RX CONDITIONS: Heat TYPE: Nucleophilic substitution

#21

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Secondary amine –> Tertiary amine

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: RX CONDITIONS: Heat TYPE: Nucleophilic substitution

#22

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Primary amine –> Secondary amide

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: Acyl chloride CONDITIONS: none TYPE: Nucleophilic addition-elimination

#23

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Halogenoalkane –> Nitrile

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: KCN OR NaCN CONDITIONS: Aqueous and ethanolic TYPE: Nucleophilic substition

#24

Front (Question)

Organic synthesis Nitrile –> Amine

Back (Answer)

REAGENT: H₂ CONDITIONS: Ni catalyst + High temperature and pressure TYPE: Reduction