S.3.1 - Recognize Basic Atomic Structure
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The fundamental constituent of matter that retains the properties of an element. It is the smallest unit that has a unique identity
atom
The table of elements expressed as columns and rows.
periodic table
A positively charged atomic particle
proton
An atomic particle with no electric charge
neutron
A negatively charged atomic particle
Electron
The central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons
nucleus (atom)
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same numbers of protons and electrons
isotopes
The sum of the masses of protons and neutrons in one atom of an element
atomic mass
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Number
A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule
ion
A column of elements in the periodic table
One of seven horizontal rows in the periodic tables
A substance that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cations by loss of electrons, and yields basic oxides and hydroxides
METAL
A negatively charged ion
anion
A positively charged ion
Cation
The bond between two oppositely charged ions
ionic bond
A substance made of two or more elements
compound
A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms
covalent bond
Which of the following neutral atoms would have 10 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons?
Neon To determine the type of atom, use the number of protons to determine the atomic number and then find it on the periodic table.
Two isotopes of carbon are found, one with an atomic mass of 12 and the other 14. Which of the following best describes how these isotopes differ?
Carbon 14 has more neutrons than carbon 12. The atomic mass is determined by adding the protons and neutrons. Because all carbon atoms have six protons, the number of neutrons must have changed.
A neutral atom of calcium has two electrons in its outer shell. Which of the following will occur when calcium forms an ion?
Calcium will lose two electrons to have a full valence shell. Calcium will give away the two electrons to have a full valence shell.
Which of the following best describes an oxygen atom with 8 protons and 10 electrons
An anion with a −2 charge This ion of oxygen has 8 protons and electrons, giving it a charge of –2.