3.2.5 Transition metals (A-level only)
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Where do the d block elements sit on the periodic table?
In the middle of the periodic table
What is a transition metal
A d-block element that can form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-subshell
What are two metals that are not transition metals?
Zinc and Scandium
Why is scandium not a transition metal? [2]:
• Scandium only forms 1 stable ion of Sc³⁺ - It has an EMPTY d-subshell
Why is zinc not a transition metal? [2]:
• It only forms one stable ion of Zn²⁺ - It has a FULL d-subshell
Properties of transition metals [4]:
• Variable oxidation states • Partially full d-subshell • Coloured ions in solution • Good catalysts
Why do transition metals have variable oxidation states? [2]:
• electrons sit in 4s and 3d energy levels which are very close • so electrons are gained and lost using a similar amount of energy
What does Iron(II) look like as an aqueous ion?
Green solution
What does Copper(II) look like as an aqueous ion?
Blue solution
What does Iron(III) look like as an aqueous ion?
Purple solution but may look brown/yellow cus of [Fe(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁺₍ₐᵩ₎
What is an example of a transition metal being a good catalyst? [2]:
• Iron in the Haber process - Nickel or Platinum in hydrogenation
What does Aluminium(III) look like as an aqueous ion?
Colourless solution
What does Iron(II) look like due to the action of NaOH?
green precipitate that goes brown on standing in air
What does Copper(II) look like due to the action of NaOH?
Blue precipitate
What does Iron(III) look like due to the action of NaOH?
Brown precipitate / may look orangey brown
What does Aluminium(III) look like due to the action of NaOH?
White Precipitate
What does Iron(II) look like due to the action an excess of NaOH(aq)?
No further change
What does Copper(II) look like due to the action an excess of NaOH(aq)?
No further change
What does Iron(III) look like due to the action an excess of NaOH(aq)?
No further change
What does Aluminium(III) look like due to the action an excess of NaOH(aq)?
Colourless solution
What does Iron(II) look like due to the action of NH3(aq)?
green ppt goes brown on standing in air
What does Copper(II) look like due to the action of NH3(aq)?
blue ppt
What does Iron(III) look like due to the action of NH3(aq)?
No further change
What does Aluminium(III) look like due to the action of NH3(aq)?
No further change