Final Exam

The use of a device that employs a computer to analyze data obtained by a scanning beam of X-rays to produce a two-dimensional picture of a “slice” through the body.

A technique whereby the interior of the body can be accurately imaged; involves the interaction between radio waves and a strong magnetic field.

An imaging method that uses a modified MRI scanner to reveal bundles of myelinated axons in the living human brain.

As a boy had a bike accident which left him with severe epilepsy Doctors pinpointed the seizures to his medial left and right temporal lobes Hippocampus Amygdala Part of the entorhinal cortex Doctors removed the affected tissue (all went well) However when henry woke up he could only remember his name and his childhood - Couldn’t form any new memories Lead to important knowledge about the amygdala and hippocampus in memory formation His only deficit was in long term memory Could still form habits like finding the hospital dining room Working memory tasks - Repeating a string of numbers Showed us the difference in types of memory

Nicknamed tan because it was the only word he was able to say. Nothing wrong with him, he understood everything and could follow commands Broca performed an autopsy and found a lesion on the left hemisphere (Broca’s area) Damage to broca area People could comprehend everything No other cognitive deficits Just can’t talk words or sentences in a meaningful way Lesion was important for understanding human language

1840’s worked blasting rock with gunpowder. Used a tamping iron - set an explosion sending the iron rod through his cheek and top of his head. Was cleaned up and was walking, talking and living independently like before However he was described as a different person -Was impatient -Spoke foul language Damage to his left frontal lobe told us personality is localised in the frontal lobe

Loss of speech ability

Damage to the brain tissue caused by injury, disease and more Caused by -strokes -Traumatic head injuries -Tumours Can occur in almost any brain region and be almost any size Help us learn something new about the human brain

A very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons.

Recording of the electrical activity of a single neuron.

An electrode used to record the electrical activity of large numbers of neurons in a particular region of the brain; much larger than a microelectrode.

An electrical brain potential recorded by placing electrodes on the scalp.

A procedure that detects groups of synchronously activated neurons by means of the magnetic field induced by their electrical activity; uses an array of superconducting quantum interference devices, or SQUIDs.

A sugar that enters cells along with glucose but is not metabolized.

A procedure that locates radioactive substances in a slice of tissue; the radiation exposes a photographic emulsion or a piece of film that covers the tissue.

A protein produced in the nucleus of a neuron in response to synaptic stimulation.

A computerized method of detecting metabolic or chemical changes in particular regions of the brain.

A functional imaging method that reveals the localization of a radioactive tracer in a living brain.

A functional imaging method; a modification of the MRI procedure that permits the measurement of regional metabolism in the brain, usually by detecting changes in blood oxygen level.

Stimulation of the cerebral cortex by means of magnetic fields produced by passing pulses of electricity through a coil of wire placed next to the skull; interferes with the functions of the brain region that is stimulated.

The use of a genetically modified virus to insert light sensitive ion channels into the membrane of particular neurons in the brain; can depolarize or hyperpolarize the neurons when light of the appropriate wavelength is applied.

The complete set of genes that compose the DNA of a particular species.

The nature of the particular sequence of base pairs of DNA that constitutes a gene; for example, the genes that code for blue or brown iris pigment are different alleles of a particular gene. (the particular form of an individual gene)

A mutated gene produced in the laboratory and inserted into the chromosomes of mice; alters production of a functional protein.