More Energy Conservation
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bDescribe the changes in energy use between 1990 and 2016 Consider consumption by sector
INDUSTRY: decreased by about 10% TRANSPORT: increased by about 7% RESIDENTIAL: stayed the same AGRI/FORESTRY: stayed the same SERVICES: increased by 3% OTHER: decreased by 1%
What could the strategies for conserving energy in industry include?
• heat recovery • insulation • high volume storage • Combine Heat and Power (CHP) • integrated manufacture • recycling • mass reduction
Where do the energy losses happen between industry and transference of energy to the grid? Which is biggest?
• heat loss • steam cooling to water: BIGGEST LOSS • generator losses
What could the strategies for conserving energy in electricity infrastructure include?
• peak shaving • high-voltage grid • IT management of supplies • location of new generation capacity
What is peak shaving?
the storage of surplus energy so that it can be used later, to meet demand if other supplies drop, or to meet a peak in demand
What does CHP do? Give examples
recovers much of the heat lost in electricity generation and uses it for space heating in buildings e.g. homes, fish farms, greenhouses
How does CHP change efficiencies of energy generation?
• the maximum efficiency of a modern thermal power station, at converting the energy of a combustible or nuclear fuel into elec using steam turbines is about 40% • the remaining 60% is lost as waste heat energy, mainly through the cooling water used to condense steam, through the cooling towers, or into a river, lake or the sea • in many CHP stations, the efficiency of elec generation is deliberately kept below 40% • this increases the temp of the hot water and increases its usefulness
How does insulation conserve energy industrially? Give examples
• the amount of heat energy required to keep materials warm is equal to the amount of heat being lost • by reducing the rate of heat loss, there will be an identical reduction in the heat inputs required • as with domestic insul, heat loss can be reduced by using an outer layer made of a material that has a low thermal conductivity/high thermal resistance e.g. insulating pipes, storage tanks and furnaces can save a lot of energy