Big Idea 4 - Computer Systems and Networks

Refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given amount of time.

Refer to the combination of hardware and software components that work together to perform tasks and process information. They include components such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and operating systems.

Refer to a continuous flow of data that is being transmitted or received. It can be thought of as a steady stream of information flowing from one point to another.

An attempt by multiple compromised computers or devices to overwhelm a target website or network with excessive traffic, causing it to become slow or unavailable for legitimate users.

Refers to systems or devices designed to continue functioning properly even when one or more components experience failures. These systems are resilient and can recover from faults without significant disruption.

A global network of interconnected networks that allows computers and devices worldwide to communicate and share information. It provides access to various services such as email, websites, online gaming, and social media.

Interconnected systems or devices that communicate with each other using wired or wireless connections. They enable data sharing, resource sharing, communication between users/devices over short or long distances.

Small units of data that are sent over a network. They contain both the data being transmitted and information about where the data should be delivered.

Refers to the use of multiple processors or computers working together simultaneously to solve a problem. It involves breaking down a task into smaller subtasks that can be executed concurrently, resulting in faster processing time.

Sets of rules and standards that govern how devices communicate and exchange information with each other over a network.

The entity or device that receives and decodes the transmitted data or information from the sender. It is responsible for extracting meaningful information from the received message.

Refers to the duplication of critical components or information in a system to ensure reliability and fault tolerance. It involves having backup systems or data that can be used if the primary ones fail.

A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It determines the best path for data to travel from the source to the destination based on network conditions and routing tables.

The process of selecting paths in a network along which data packets will travel from their source to their destination. It involves determining optimal routes based on factors such as speed, reliability, and congestion levels.

Refers to the ability of a system or network to handle an increasing amount of work or users without sacrificing performance or efficiency.

The entity or device that initiates and transmits data or information to a receiver. It is responsible for encoding and transmitting the message.

Refers to the traditional method of executing instructions in a computer program one after another, in a sequential order. It follows a linear path where each instruction is completed before moving on to the next.

A computer or system that provides resources, services, or functionality to other computers or devices on a network. It responds to requests from clients and delivers requested information or performs tasks.

An interconnected system of web pages and documents that are accessed over the internet. It allows users to navigate between different websites using hyperlinks and interact with various types of content like text, images, videos, and more.

A collection of interconnected devices, such as computers and servers, that are linked together to share resources and communicate with each other.

Electronic machines capable of processing data. They include computers, smartphones, tablets, servers, and any other device that can perform computations.

Encompass both hardware and software components working together to process data. They include all the necessary elements required for computation to occur effectively.

An application protocol that enables communication between clients (such as web browsers) and servers over the internet. It defines how requests from clients are made and how responses from servers are formatted.

A set of rules and guidelines that govern how data is transmitted over the internet. They ensure that devices can communicate with each other effectively and reliably.