No. 4
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Techniques which impact soil structure
Soil amelioration Cultivation Protection
Amelioration?
Raises pH. Green manure, addition of lime (limestone, burnt lime), organic matter.
Cultivation
Sub soil Ploughing Rotavator
Soil protection
Erosion Capping
Role of roots
Water uptake, support, storage, provide chemicals for modifying pH, habitat for mycorrhizal fungi.
Perennial life cycle?
Grows year after year. Seed, then growth, flower, dormancy, death.
Biennial?
Two years to complete life cycle. Vegetative growth, dormancy, growth 2, flower then death. Eg leek
How are mycorrhizal fungi good?
Extend root area. More effective absorption of nutrients.
Kretzschmaria deusta
Wood decay fungus. Inhibits hardwood trees like beech. Heart rot invasion. Colonisation occurs through injuries and cavaties. Causes soft rot which degrades celluslose and lignin. The fungus continues to decay the wood after the tree has died.
K. Deusta control?
Trichoderma species as biological control.
Impact of frost on trees?
Leaf death Shoot death Death of young trees Frost heave pushes roots out of ground.