Unit 2 Week 1

a physiological adaptation (the body is trying to get better at what it is doing)

the process by which the body converts mechanical loading into cellular responses which promote structural change

cross-linking adhesions (change in lubrication, harder to move in its sheath - less movement) disorganized orientation (layed down randomly where there is no movement due to immobilization)

there is a reduced number of sarcomeres in series when a muscle is immobilized, to adapt to the shortened length of the muscle

it does this to adapt to a muscle’s length, the muscle wants to make sure that sarcomeres are sitting in their optimal positions

tone is the passive state of muscle contraction or a muscles’ resistance to passive tension at rest (it is common close to an area that has recently been injured)

neural control (e.g. changes in muscle tone)

it explains the connective tissue response to tension (viscoelastic) which is rate dependant and time dependant - in the elastic deformation phase, there will be no lasting change in the tissues (will cause stress relaxation, creep, and temporary change in mobility) - in the plastic deformation phase, you want to cause just enough microscopic failure to create permanent change, but not enough to create macroscopic change (will cause microscopic failure, macroscopic failure, and permanent change in mobility)

think PUDDY - you want to do a low load prolonged stretch with total end range time (TERT) - we want to LIMIT force, but increase TIME to avoid damage

low load prolonged stretch greater than 3x per day into stiffness, not pain position of TENSION 5-20 mins per session increase volume and intensity to progress (often seen with post-surgery ACLs and TKRs)

greater than 3x per day into stiffness not pain slow PROM, AROM, AAROM into position of tension 5-10 reps for 10-30 secs for 1-3 sets increase volume (TERT) to progress

explains the muscle’s response to tension (stretching) - explaining how there is an activation of the muscle spindle, leading to stimulation of myotactic/stretch reflex, stimulating the alpha neuron, and leading to a muscle contraction - this theory explains in short how the feeling of muscle tension should fade as you hold the muscle in it’s extended contracted position

it states that there are no lasting changes seen in muscle length following static stretching and that temporary increases in muscle flexibility following static stretching may be due to an increased TOLERANCE of tension and pain

it explain the tendon’s response to tension, the golgi tendon organ will be activated when a muscle nearly is contracted - this will cause stimulation of the golgi tendon reflex which tells the muscle to relax and helps to reset the body

it explains autogenic inhibition (aka PNF stretching) and how the golgi tendon is responsible for telling the muscle to relax - this a action helps facilitate an additional stretch

static dynamic pre-contraction (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation PNF)

range of motion performance (if immediately before activity)

increase ROM decrease performance (if immediately before) * this activity gets you ready to relax rather than perform

3x per week into tightness not pain controlled concentric contraction of opposing muscle into position of tension of target muscle volume is 1-3 sets of 5-10 reps

2-3 per week into tightness slowly and passively assume position of tension in target muscle 10-30 seconds or 30-69 for OA 1-3 reps or 60 seconds total

comparable to static stretching increases fascicle length (more sarcomeres)

yes there is a temporary change in the tone of tissues, comparable to static stretching, best when followed by static stretching due to sensory & neuromuscular mechanisms (not structural)

yes, there are temporary sensory changes to the body

increase strength, improve function, reduce pain