16. Organic Synthesis
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What 5 things are part of the Quickfit apparatus?
round-bottomed/pear-shaped flask receiver (tap thing) screw cap adapter (for distillation) condenser (the main bit) still head (thing that goes on top of condenser, or rbf in distillation)
Why do you commonly heat organic reactions?
overcome activation energy and increase rate of reaction
What can you use instead of a bunsen burner if the reactants are flammable?
heating mantle
What are anti-bumping granules for?
to ensure the liquid boils smoothly and no big bubbles form which can make the glassware jump
A general point:
never put a stopper in the top of a condenser, or it will create a closed system, build up of pressure and the apparatus can explode
Why heat under reflux?
enables a liquid to be continually boiled while reaction takes place prevents volatile components escaping and contents boiling dry
What is distillation for?
separating pure liquid from its liquid impurities
How do you set up distillation apparatus?
p242 2 clamps, condenser running almost horizontal, still head adapter on top of round-bottomed flask and screw cap adapter + thermometer on top of still-head, tap at the end etc water always enters condenser at lowest point i.e. receiver end