- Contact + Haber Processes
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Contact Process - Step 1
Sulfur + Oxygen –> Sulfur Dioxide
Contact Process - Step 2
Sulfur Dioxide + Oxygen < – > Sulfur Trioxide
Contact Process - Step 3
Sulfuric Acid + Sulfur Trioxide –> Oleum Oleum + Water –> Sulfuric Acid
Oleum Formula
H2S2O7
Contact Process - Step 1 Conditions
• Combustion - Excess air
Contact Process - Step 2 Conditions
• Reversible • Excess oxygen • 450’C • 1 atmosphere • Vanadium Oxide Catalyst
Contact Process - Step 3 Conditions
• Exothermic - Oleum diluted in water
Contact Process - Step 2 Reasons
• Low pressure favours high yield • Low temperature favours high yield • Catalyst compensates for low rate
Haber Process
Nitrogen + Hydrogen –> Ammonia
Haber Process Conditions
• 450’C • 200 atmospheres • Iron catalyst • Reversible
Haber Process Reasons
• Moderately low temperature favours medium yield (commercially viable) but low rate • High pressure favours high yield • Catalyst compensates for low rate
Contact Process - Uses
• Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertiliser • Acid in vehicle batteries • Making rayon, paints, dyes, plastics and detergents • Concentrated sulfuric acid, dehydrating agent (sugar and hydrated copper sulfate)
Haber Process - Uses
• Manufacture of ammonium fertilisers