Chapter 15- Homoestasis

Use surroundings to warm their bodies and are heavily dependent on environment

Control own body temp and doesn’t rely on environment

The arterioles near the surface of the skin dilate when the temperature rises

The arterioles near the surface of the skin constrict.

Is the removal of the waste products of metabolism from the body

Carbon dioxide- one of waste products of respiration excreted from the lungs Bile pigments- formed from the breakdown of haemoglobin from old red blood cells in the liver. They are excreted in the bile from the liver into the small intestine via gall bladder and Bile duct they colour the faeces Nitrogenous waste products- formed from the breakdown of excess amino acids by the liver. All mammals produce urea as their nitrogenous waste. Fish produce ammonia while birds and insects produce uric acid. Urea is excreted by the kidneys in the urine

Hepatic artery

Hepatic vein

Hepatic portal vein

Removing the amino group from the amino acid and converting the highly toxic ammonia to the less toxic and more manageable compound urea.

Medulla Cortex Pelvis

The cortex is the dark outer layer. This is where the filtering of the blood takes place and it has a very dense capillary network carrying the blood from the renal artery to the nephrons

Lighter in colour- it contains the tubules of the nephrons that form the pyramids of the kidney and collecting ducts

Central chamber where the urine collects before passing out down the ureter

Bowmans capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct

Cup shaped structure that contains the glomerulus, a tangle of capillaries. More blood goes into the glomerulis than what leaves it due to ultrafiltration

The first, foiled region of the tubule after the bowmans capsule, found in the cortex of the kidney. This is where many substances needed by the blood are reabsorbed

A long loop of tubule that creates a region with a very high solute concentration in the tissue fluid deep in the medulla. The descending loop runs down from the cortex through the module to a hairpin bend at the bottom of the loop. The ascending limb travels back up through medulla to cortex

A second twisted tubule where the fine tuning of water balance of the body takes place. The permeability of walls to water vary in the response to ADH.

The urine passes down the collecting duct through the medulla to the pelvis. More fine tuning of water balance takes place

Removal of nitrogenous waste and osmoregulation of the blood is ultrafiltration.

Ultrafiltration removes urea, the waste product of protein breakdown.

All of glucose, amino acids , vitamins and hormones are moved from the filtrate back into the blood by active transport

Bowmans capsule