Chapter 9: Redox Reactions
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What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons.
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons.
Why are oxidation and reduction always paired?
They occur together in a redox reaction.
What is the mnemonic for oxidation and reduction?
OILRIG (Oxidation Is Loss
What is a redox reaction?
A chemical reaction with changes in oxidation states.
What happens to oxidation state during oxidation?
It increases.
What happens to oxidation state during reduction?
It decreases.
What does a positive oxidation number indicate?
The element is oxidized.
What does a negative oxidation number indicate?
The element is reduced.
What is sulfur’s most reduced form?
H₂S.
What are sulfur’s most oxidized forms?
SO₃ and H₂SO₄.
What are oxidation states used for in systematic names?
To indicate oxidation numbers in compounds.
How is the oxidation number of carbon determined in organic compounds?
By the type of bonds it forms.
What is the oxidizing agent in a redox reaction?
The reactant that accepts electrons.
What is the reducing agent in a redox reaction?
The reactant that donates electrons.
Is water a strong oxidizing or reducing agent?
Neither; it is weak in both roles.
What does the activity series predict?
Whether a metal displacement reaction is feasible.
Which metals are the strongest reducing agents?
Reactive metals like K
Which non-metals are the strongest oxidizing agents?
Reactive non-metals.
What is KMnO₄ in acidic solution used for?
As an oxidizing agent.
What type of agent is iodine in redox reactions?
It can act as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.
What is the general rule for oxidation numbers in neutral compounds?
The sum equals zero.
What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in most compounds?
1
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?
-2