Ch. 5 Inside the Atom
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element
a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
alpha particle
item consisting of two protons and two neutrons
electron cloud
region surrounding the nucleus in which the electrons move about
transmutation
the changing of one element into another element through radioactive decay
proton
a positively charged particle that is present in all atoms
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
mass number
the number of neutrons plus protons in the nucleus of an atom
radioactive decay
the release of nuclear particles and energy
electron
a negatively charged particle of matter
beta particle
a high-energy electron that comes from the nucleus, not from the electron cloud
half-life
the amount of time required for half a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay
isotopes
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
neutron
uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom