Module 5: 20 & 21

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Back (Answer)

A proton donor

Front (Question)

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

Back (Answer)

A proton acceptor

Front (Question)

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Back (Answer)

Contains 2 species that be interconverted by transfer of a proton HCl + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + Cl- NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-

Front (Question)

What are some common acids and their conjugate bases?

Back (Answer)

HCl -> Cl- HNO3 -> NO3- H2O -> OH- NH4+ -> NH3 H3O+ -> H2O

Front (Question)

Why is water special?

Back (Answer)

Can act as an acid or a base (accept and donate protons) - Amphoteric

Front (Question)

What is the type of acid linked to?

Back (Answer)

The number of hydrogen ions that can be replaced per molecule in an acid-base reaction Monobasic acid: HCl & CH3COOH Dibasic Acid: H2SO4 Tribasic acid: H3PO4

Front (Question)

What is the general redox reaction involving acids?

Back (Answer)

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen gas (MASH)

Front (Question)

What are the 3 neutralisation reactions involving acids?

Back (Answer)

Acid + alkali -> salt + H2O Acid + carbonate -> salt + H2O + CO2 Acid + metal oxide -> salt + H2O

Front (Question)

How can molecules accept protons?

Back (Answer)

Lone pairs of electrons -> dative covalent bonds

#10

Front (Question)

What is a strong acid?

Back (Answer)

HA -> H+ + A- • strong tendency to donate H+ ions • fully dissociate in aqueous solution • equilibrium lies to the right

#11

Front (Question)

What does the pH scale show?

Back (Answer)

the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration [H+(aq)]

#12

Front (Question)

How is pH calculated?

Back (Answer)

pH = -log[H+(aq)] • give all answers to 2 decimals places

#13

Front (Question)

How can the pH of a strong acid be calculated?

Back (Answer)

• directly from the conc of the acid because the acid completely dissociates into ions • H+ ion conc is equal to the conc of the strong acid in question HA(aq) -> H+(aq) + A-(aq) [HA(aq)] = [H+(aq)]

#14

Front (Question)

How is the pH changes on dilution calculated (1)?

Back (Answer)

diluted concentration = original moles / volume after dilution

#15

Front (Question)

How is the pH changes on dilution calculated (2)?

Back (Answer)

diluted concentration = original conc x (volume before dilution / volume after dilution)

#16

Front (Question)

What is a weak acid?

Back (Answer)

HA ⇌ H+ + A- • weaker tendency to donate H+ • partially dissociate in aqueous solution • equilibrium lies on the left • strength of a weak acid is given by the acid dissociation constant (Ka)

#17

Front (Question)

How is Ka calculated?

Back (Answer)

Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA] units: moldm-3

#18

Front (Question)

What is Ka?

Back (Answer)

The acid dissociation constant

#19

Front (Question)

What do the Ka values represent?

Back (Answer)

• The larger the value of Ka, the stronger the acid - The smaller the value of Ka, the weaker the acid

#20

Front (Question)

When does Ka change?

Back (Answer)

Changes with temperature (standard temp is used, 298K)

#21

Front (Question)

How is pKa calculated?

Back (Answer)

pKa = -log(Ka)

#22

Front (Question)

How is Ka calculated with pKa values?

Back (Answer)

Ka = 10^-pKa

#23

Front (Question)

How is [H+(aq)] calculated from Ka?

Back (Answer)

10^-Ka

#24

Front (Question)

What do the pKa values indicate about the acid?

Back (Answer)

• the larger the pKa value, the weaker the acid - the smaller the pKa value, the stronger the acid