enz 3
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Enzymatic reaction
no random collisions – only subs w/ enz. catalyzation
enz class – oxidoreductases
catalyze oxidation-reduction rxn
enz class – oxidoreductases oxidation
loss of electrons. moved as hydrides and not as free electrons
enz class – oxidoreductases reduction
gain of electrons
enz class – transferases
transfer a chem group from one molecule to another. two substrates and two products ex. hexokinase, aminotransferases
enz class – hydrolases
addition of -OH from water to the substrate. irreversible in cell ex. RNases and DNases hydrolize the phospho-ester bond
enz class – lyases
Catalyze (cut) carbon-carbon bond cleavage, releases CO2 from a beta-keto acid. some are reversible
enz class – lyases synthase
ATP is NOT involved in the formation of the new bond
enz class – lyases synthetase
ATP IS involved in the formation of the new bond
enz class – isomerase
moving of groups or double bonds w/i a molecule without removing or adding something. isomerases and epimerase change stereochemistry ex. mutases move phosphate groups.
enz class – ligases
join carbon atoms together – requires energy (usually ATP), synthetases ex. adding co2 to pyruvate w/ coenzyme biotin.
hydrophilic amino acids
surface of enz with H-bond networks
hydrophobic amino acids
core of the protein form recognition pockets for substrate specificity
carbonyl groups ___ negative q’s
stabilize