4.5 Response and regulation
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What stimulus does the Eye receive?
Light
What stimulus does the Ear reveice?
Sound
What stimulus does the Nose reveive?
Chemical smells
What stimulus does the Tongue receive?
Chemical tastes
What stimulus does skin reveive?
Pain, pressure, temperature
What are the three properties of a reflex response?
• Rapid • Automatic • Protective
What are the five components of the reflex arc in order?
• Receptor (skin) • Sensory neurone • Relay neurone • Motor neurone • Effector muscle It is also worthy of note that the spinal cord co-ordinates the reflex, and the relay neurone is located within it.
What is a negative feedback loop?
Any change from the balance in optimal internal conditions results in the body’s hormonal and nervous systems compensating for the change and restoring the balance.
What is a positive feedback loop?
Any change from the balance in optimal internal conditions results in the body’s hormonal and nervous systems amplifying the change, until the balance is restored by another factor (e.g in childbirth).
Define Homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment.
What is the function of the Iris?
The Iris relaxes and contracts to control the amount of light entering the eye and hitting the Retina.
What is the function of the Retina?
The Retina is a light sensitive layer that forms an image (like a camera sensor) and sends the signals to the brain for processing via the optic nerve.
What is the function of the Sclera and Cornea in the eye?
The Sclera is a tough, protective white outer coat. The Cornea is a clear part of the Sclera that allows light into the eye.
What is the function of the Lens?
The lens (like a camera lens), changes shape to focus light onto the Retina. It directs the light entering, directly onto the Retina.
What is the cause of Type I Diabetes?
Type I Diabetes is caused by genetics.
What is the cause of Type II Diabetes?
Type II Diabetes is caused by too much daily sugar intake over a prolonged period of time. NOTE: This is an accepted WJEC response. In reality, the cause of Type II Diabetes is more general, and can be caused by any form of bad diet, including but not limited to high sugar intake.
What is the functional difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?
In Type I Diabetes the body does not release insulin, whereas in Type II Diabetes, the body cells do not respond to the chemical signal from insulin.
How can you detect Diabetes?
Glucose in urine detected by a Benedict’s test.
What are the treatments of Type II Diabetes?
• Injecting insulin • Pancreas transplants • Low sugar/ carbohydrates diet
How does Human Skin regulate Temperature when the skin is too hot?
• Hairs lie flat • Sweating • Vasodilation
How does Human Skin regulate Temperature when the skin is too cold?
• Hairs stand on end • Shivering • Vasoconstriction
How are Hairs controlled on Human Skin?
Hairs are controlled using the Hair Erector Muscle.
What is the function of raising and lowering Hairs on Human Skin?
Raising hairs traps a layer of insulating air over the skin, reducing heat loss.
How do Humans Sweat?
The Sweat Gland produces sweat, which is then forced up the Sweat Duct, and released out the Sweat Pore onto the surface of the skin.